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Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March

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Roger Mortimer
Earl of March
Earl of Ulster
Arms of Mortimer: Barry of six or and azure, on a chief of the first two pallets between two gyrons of the second over all an inescutcheon argent
Born(1374-04-11)11 April 1374
Usk, Monmouthshire
Died20 July 1398(1398-07-20) (aged 24)
County Carlow, Ireland
Noble familyMortimer
Spouse(s)Alianore Holland, Countess of March
IssueAnne Mortimer
Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March
Roger Mortimer
Eleanor Mortimer
FatherEdmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March
MotherPhilippa, 5th Countess of Ulster
Arms of Mortimer, Earl of March: Quarterly 1st & 4th: Barry of six or and azure, on a chief of the first two pallets between two gyrons of the second over all an inescutcheon argent (Mortimer); 2nd & 3rd: Or a cross gules (de Burgh)

Roger de Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, 6th Earl of Ulster (11 April 1374 – 20 July 1398)[1] was an English nobleman. He was considered the heir presumptive to King Richard II, his mother's first cousin, which made him a great-grandson of King Edward III.

Roger Mortimer's father, the 3rd Earl of March, died in 1381, leaving the six-year-old Roger to succeed to his father's title. The wardship and marriage of Roger was acquired by Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, who married him off to his daughter Alianore. During his lifetime, Mortimer spent much time in Ireland; he served several tenures as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and died during a battle at Kellistown, County Carlow. He was succeeded by his young son, Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March.

Early life

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Roger Mortimer was born 11 April 1374 at Usk in Monmouthshire.[2] He was the eldest son of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, by his wife Philippa of Clarence, the daughter of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (the second surviving son of King Edward III) by his wife Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster. Philippa passed on a strong claim to the English crown to her children. Roger had a younger brother, Edmund Mortimer, and two sisters, Elizabeth, who married Henry 'Hotspur' Percy, and Philippa, who first married John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, secondly Richard de Arundel, 11th Earl of Arundel, and thirdly Sir Thomas Poynings.[3]

Wardship

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According to R. R. Davies, the wardship of such an important heir was an "issue of political moment in the years 1382–4". Eventually, on 16 December 1383, Mortimer's estates in England and Wales were granted for £4000 per annum to a consortium consisting of Mortimer himself, the Earls of Arundel, Northumberland, and Warwick, and John, Lord Neville. The guardianship of Mortimer's person was initially granted to Arundel, but in August 1384, at the behest of Joan of Kent, the mother of King Richard II, Mortimer's wardship and marriage were granted for 6000 marks[4] to Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, Joan's son and Richard's half-brother. On or about 7 October 1388,[2] at the age of 14, Mortimer was married off to his warder's 18-year-old daughter Eleanor Holland, King Richard II's half-niece.[5] Mortimer did homage and was granted livery of his lands in Ireland on 18 June 1393, and of those in England and Wales on 25 February 1394.[6]

King Richard had no issue. Mortimer, a lineal descendant of Edward III, was next in line to the throne and married to his half-niece. G. E. Cokayne states that in October 1385 Mortimer was proclaimed by the king as heir presumptive to the crown.[7] However, according to R. R. Davies, the story that Richard publicly proclaimed Mortimer as heir presumptive in Parliament in October 1385 is baseless, although contemporary records indicate that his claim was openly discussed at the time.[5] He was knighted by King Richard II on 23 April 1390.[7]

Career

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After he came of age, Mortimer spent much of his time in Ireland. King Richard had first made Mortimer his Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on 24 January 1382 when he was a child of seven, with his uncle, Sir Thomas Mortimer,[8] acting as his deputy.[9][10] The king reappointed Roger Mortimer as his lieutenant in Ireland on 23 July 1392, and in September 1394,[11] Although he was nominally the king's lieutenant, he made little headway against the native Irish chieftains.[10] On 25 April 1396,[12] the king appointed him lieutenant in Ulster, Connacht, and Meath, and Mortimer was in Ireland for most of the following three years. In April 1397, the king reappointed him as lieutenant for a further three years.[13]

Mortimer's residence in Ireland ensured that his political role in England was a minor one. His closest relationships in England appear to have been with family members, including his brother, Edmund, to whom he granted lands and annuities; the Percy family, into which his elder sister Elizabeth had married; and the Earl of Arundel, who had married his younger sister, Philippa.[5]

As Davies points out, Mortimer's "wealth and lineage meant that, sooner or later, he would be caught up in the political turmoil of Richard II's last years." On 4 September 1397, he was ordered to arrest his uncle, Sir Thomas Mortimer, for treason regarding his actions at the Battle of Radcot Bridge, but made no real attempt to do so. Even more inauspiciously, when summoned to a Parliament at Shrewsbury in January 1398, he was 'rapturously received', according to Adam Usk and the Wigmore chronicler, by a vast crowd of supporters wearing his colours. These events excited the king's suspicions, and on Mortimer's return to Ireland after the Parliament in January 1398, 'his enemy, the Duke of Surrey, his brother-in-law, was ordered to follow and capture him'.[13]

Death

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Remains of Wigmore Abbey, burial place of the Earls of March

On 20 July 1398, at the age of 24, Mortimer was slain in a skirmish at either Kells, County Meath, or Kellistown, County Carlow. The Wigmore chronicler says that he was riding in front of his army, unattended and wearing Irish garb, possibly illegally,[10] and that those who slew him did not know who he was. He was interred at Wigmore Abbey.[14] The King went to Ireland in the following year to avenge Mortimer's death.[6]

Mortimer's young son, Edmund, succeeded him in the title and claim to the throne. The Wigmore chronicler, while criticising Mortimer for lust and remissness in his duty to God, extols him as "of approved honesty, active in knightly exercises, glorious in pleasantry, affable and merry in conversation, excelling his contemporaries in the beauty of appearance, sumptuous in his feasting, and liberal in his gifts".[15]

Marriage and children

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By his wife Alianore Holland he had two sons and two daughters:[16]

In June 1399, Roger Mortimer's widow, Alianor, married Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton, by whom she had two daughters:[19]

Alianor died on 6 or 18 October 1405.[14]

Ancestry

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Notes

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  1. ^ Some sources give the date of his death as 15 August.
  2. ^ a b Richardson III 2011, p. 195.
  3. ^ Cokayne 1932, p. 448; Richardson II 2011, pp. 190–1; Richardson III 2011, pp. 193–5, 307, 335, 341; Holmes 2004; Tout & Davies 2004.
  4. ^ Pugh 1988, p. 171.
  5. ^ a b c Davies 2004.
  6. ^ a b Cokayne 1932, p. 449.
  7. ^ a b Cokayne 1932, p. 448
  8. ^ Richardson I 2011, pp. 103–4; Richardson III 2011, pp. 192–3.
  9. ^ According to Davies, Sir Thomas Mortimer was illegitimate; however, Richardson includes him among the three legitimate sons of Roger Mortimer's grandfather, Roger de Mortimer (1328–1360).
  10. ^ a b c McNeill 1911, p. 687.
  11. ^ Davies dates the expedition to the summer of 1394.
  12. ^ Davies dates the appointment to 28 April 1396.
  13. ^ a b Cokayne 1932, p. 449; Davies 2004.
  14. ^ a b Cokayne 1932, p. 449; Richardson III 2011, p. 195
  15. ^ Cokayne 1932, pp. 449–50.
  16. ^ Cokayne 1932, p. 450; Richardson III 2011, p. 195
  17. ^ Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge was the first cousin of Philippa of Clarence, daughter of Lionel, Duke of Clarence
  18. ^ Pugh 1988, p. 61; Although some sources state that Roger died c. 1409, Pugh states that he was made a Knight of the Bath by Henry V on the eve of his coronation on 9 April 1413.
  19. ^ Richardson I 2011, pp. 427–428.
  20. ^ a b Davies 2004.
  21. ^ a b c Holmes 2004.
  22. ^ a b c d Weir 2008, p. 96.
  23. ^ a b Mortimer 2003, p. 319.
  24. ^ a b Weir 2008, pp. 95–6.

References

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  • Cokayne, George Edward (1932). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday. Vol. VIII. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 445–53.
  • Davies, R.R. (2004). "Mortimer, Roger (VII), fourth earl of March and sixth earl of Ulster (1374–1398)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19356. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: Tout, Thomas Frederick (1894). "Mortimer, Roger de (1374–1398)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 145–146.
  • Holmes, George (2004). "Mortimer, Edmund (III), third earl of March and earl of Ulster (1352–1381)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19342. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  • McNeill, Ronald John (1911). "March, Earls of" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 685–688.
  • Mortimer, Ian (2003). The Greatest Traitor: The Life of Sir Roger Mortimer, Ruler of England 1327–1330. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-34941-6.
  • Pugh, T.B. (1988). Henry V and the Southampton Plot of 1415. Alan Sutton. ISBN 0-86299-541-8.
  • Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1449966379.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1449966386.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1449966393.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Tout, T.F.; Davies, R.R. (reviewer) (2004). "Mortimer, Sir Edmund (IV) (1376–1408/9)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19343. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  • Weir, Alison (2008). Britain's Royal Families, The Complete Genealogy. London: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-09-953973-5.
[edit]
Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March
Born: 11 April 1374 Died: 20 July 1398
English royalty
Preceded by Heir to the English Throne
as heir presumptive
5 January 1382 (acknowledged 1385) – 20 July 1398 		Succeeded by
Peerage of England
Preceded by Earl of March
1381–1398 		Succeeded by
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by Earl of Ulster
1382–1398 		Succeeded by
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